More Examples


Quinine







Quinine, an antimalarial drug, inhibits larval maturation (no gut development), but does not kill the larvae.














Mitoxanthrone






As reported by other groups, antineoplastic drugs (directed against tumors) - here Mitoxanthrone - can profoundly inhibit larval development or kill them.
Side effect: blue larvae.

Note: Blood cells are evenly dispersed,
no cell cluster formation, i. e. no immunological reaction.








Simvastatin







It is also known that many statins (drugs used for lowering cholesterol levels) negatively affect schistosome development - here Simvastatin.

Note: Pronounced cell clusters reflecting an intense immunological reaction.










Schistosome growth-promoting drug





On the other side, there are compounds that profoundly promote and synchronize larval development resulting in a uniform and advanced maturation of the larvae.

Note: Blood cells are evenly dispersed,
no cell cluster formation, i. e. no immunological reaction.












Dose-dependent inhibition of worm maturation


Praziquantel at 10, 5, 2.5, 1.25, 0.62, 0.31 µM and control wells with no drug








The inhibition of growth and development of the worms varies with the drug concentration.
Example: Dilution series of praziquantel
(duplicate wells)